Cognition des relations humaines dans Intouchables : une analyse psycholinguistique multimodale du langage, du geste et du regard
Mots-clés:
psycholinguistique, multimodalité, grammaire générative, humour, Intouchables
Résumé
Cette recherche examine comment langage, geste et regard interagissent pour façonner la cognition des relations humaines dans le film Intouchables. Alors que la psycholinguistique s’est surtout attachée à l’oral, à l’écrit et à l’acquisition des langues, le cinéma demeure un champ encore peu étudié malgré son potentiel multimodal. En mobilisant la grammaire générative transformationnelle de Chomsky et le modèle MDB-GSG (parole, geste, regard), l’étude analyse quinze séquences dialogiques du film, segmentées et annotées selon une grille de catégorisation multimodale, afin d’identifier les structures profondes et de surface, les transformations syntaxiques ainsi que les fonctions interactionnelles des indices non verbaux. Les résultats montrent que l’humour constitue un mécanisme cognitif et interactionnel majeur, capable de désamorcer la stigmatisation et de consolider la complicité entre Philippe, aristocrate tétraplégique, et Driss, aide-soignant issu de l’immigration. L’analyse révèle que l’ambiguïté syntaxique, lorsqu’elle est amplifiée par les gestes et les regards, produit des effets d’intimité et de solidarité qui transforment la différence en rapprochement. En articulant syntaxe et multimodalité, cette étude propose un cadre analytique transférable, contribuant à renouveler les débats contemporains en psycholinguistique et en études filmiques.Références
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Bateman, J. A. (2014). Text and image: A critical introduction to the visual/verbal divide. Routledge.
Bateman, J., & Tseng, C.-I. (2023). Multimodal discourse analysis as a method for revealing narrative strategies in news videos. Multimodal Communication, 12(3), 261–285. https://doi.org/10.1515/mc-2023-0029
Canestrari, C., & Bianchi, I. (2012). Perception of contrariety in jokes. Discourse Processes, 49(7), 539–564.
Chare, N., & Watkins, L. (Eds.). (2017). Gesture and film: Signalling new critical perspectives. Routledge.
Chomsky, N. (1957). Syntactic structures. Mouton.
Chomsky, N. (1965). Aspects of the theory of syntax. MIT Press.
Chomsky, N. (1995). The minimalist program. MIT Press.
Chomsky, N. (2006). Language and mind (3rd ed.). Cambridge University Press.
Ding, N., & Chen, Y. (2022). Mood modulates attention in film viewing: An eye-tracking study. International Communication of Chinese Culture, 9(4), 169–180.
Fernandez, E. M., & Cairns, H. S. (2010). Fundamentals of psycholinguistics. Wiley-Blackwell.
Forceville, C., & Urios-Aparisi, E. (Eds.). (2009). Multimodal metaphor. Mouton de Gruyter.
Harley, T. (2005). The psychology of language: From data to theory (3rd ed.). Psychology Press.
Harris, R. J., Dubitsky, T. M., & Bruno, J. (2012). Psycholinguistic studies of misleading advertising. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 22(2), 241–262.
Hernanda, K. G. L., & Firmonasari, A. (2015). Intonasi dialog dalam film *Intouchables*. Universitas Gadjah Mada. (Mémoire / rapport universitaire)
King, A. (2018). Humour, disability and the film Intouchables. Journal of Language and Popular Culture, 21(2), 145–162.
Kress, G., & Van Leeuwen, T. (2006). Reading images: The grammar of visual design (2nd ed.). Routledge.
Krysanova, T. (2023). Psycholinguistic and cognitive-semiotic dimensions of constructing fear in horror films: A multimodal perspective. East European Journal of Psycholinguistics, 10(1), 45–63.
Lew, R. (1997). Towards a taxonomy of linguistic jokes. Studia Anglica Posnaniensia, 31, 123–152.
Levelt, W. J. M. (2012). A history of psycholinguistics: The pre-Chomskyan era. Oxford University Press.
Mahlberg, M., Conklin, K., & Bisson, M. J. (2014). Reading Dickens’s characters: Employing psycholinguistic methods to investigate the cognitive reality of patterns in texts. Language and Literature, 23(4), 369–388.
Markhabayeva, D., & Tseng, C.-I. (2024). Multimodal cohesion and viewers’ comprehension of scene transitions in film: An empirical investigation. Frontiers in Communication, 9, Article 1347788. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomm.2024.1347788
Mehler, J. (1969). Psycholinguistique et grammaire générative. Larousse.
Mondada, L. (2024). Multimodal gestalts in interaction: Demandes commerciales et langues parlées. Languages, 9(1), 1–17.
Putri Wulandari. (2019). Analisis tindak tutur ilokusi dalam film *Intouchables* karya Olivier Nakache dan Éric Toledano [Mémoire de licence, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia]. https://repository.upi.edu/45127/
Quek, F., McNeill, D., Bryll, R., Duncan, S., Ma, X.-F., Kirbas, C., … Ansari, R. (2002). A multimedia system for temporally situated perceptual psycholinguistic analysis. Machine Vision and Applications, 13(1), 27–36.
Skogmyr Marian, A. (2024). Tu Vois in L2 French: Pragmatic marker, gesture, and gaze. Languages, 9(2), 1–18.
Thiele, L., Schmidt-Borcherding, F., & Bateman, J. A. (2024). All eyes on the signal? Mapping cohesive discourse structures with eye-tracking data of explanation videos. Frontiers in Communication, 9, Article 1356495. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomm.2024.1356495
Tseng, C.-I., Laubrock, J., & Bateman, J. A. (2021). The impact of multimodal cohesion on attention and interpretation in film. Discourse, Context & Media, 44, Article 100544. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcm.2021.100544
Van Gelderen, E. (2015). An Introduction to Minimalism. John Benjamins.
Yule, G. (2016). The study of language (6th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
Zasiekina, L. (2015). Psycholinguistic approach to diagnostics and modification of individual negative core beliefs. East European Journal of Psycholinguistics, 2(2), 151–157.
Zasiekina, L. (2018). Expressed emotions towards individuals with mental and physical health conditions: A structured literature review. East European Journal of Psycholinguistics, 5(2), 108–116.
Film cité :
Nakache, O., & Toledano, É. (Directeurs). (2011). Intouchables (Film). Quad Productions / Gaumont.
Bateman, J. A. (2014). Text and image: A critical introduction to the visual/verbal divide. Routledge.
Bateman, J., & Tseng, C.-I. (2023). Multimodal discourse analysis as a method for revealing narrative strategies in news videos. Multimodal Communication, 12(3), 261–285. https://doi.org/10.1515/mc-2023-0029
Canestrari, C., & Bianchi, I. (2012). Perception of contrariety in jokes. Discourse Processes, 49(7), 539–564.
Chare, N., & Watkins, L. (Eds.). (2017). Gesture and film: Signalling new critical perspectives. Routledge.
Chomsky, N. (1957). Syntactic structures. Mouton.
Chomsky, N. (1965). Aspects of the theory of syntax. MIT Press.
Chomsky, N. (1995). The minimalist program. MIT Press.
Chomsky, N. (2006). Language and mind (3rd ed.). Cambridge University Press.
Ding, N., & Chen, Y. (2022). Mood modulates attention in film viewing: An eye-tracking study. International Communication of Chinese Culture, 9(4), 169–180.
Fernandez, E. M., & Cairns, H. S. (2010). Fundamentals of psycholinguistics. Wiley-Blackwell.
Forceville, C., & Urios-Aparisi, E. (Eds.). (2009). Multimodal metaphor. Mouton de Gruyter.
Harley, T. (2005). The psychology of language: From data to theory (3rd ed.). Psychology Press.
Harris, R. J., Dubitsky, T. M., & Bruno, J. (2012). Psycholinguistic studies of misleading advertising. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 22(2), 241–262.
Hernanda, K. G. L., & Firmonasari, A. (2015). Intonasi dialog dalam film *Intouchables*. Universitas Gadjah Mada. (Mémoire / rapport universitaire)
King, A. (2018). Humour, disability and the film Intouchables. Journal of Language and Popular Culture, 21(2), 145–162.
Kress, G., & Van Leeuwen, T. (2006). Reading images: The grammar of visual design (2nd ed.). Routledge.
Krysanova, T. (2023). Psycholinguistic and cognitive-semiotic dimensions of constructing fear in horror films: A multimodal perspective. East European Journal of Psycholinguistics, 10(1), 45–63.
Lew, R. (1997). Towards a taxonomy of linguistic jokes. Studia Anglica Posnaniensia, 31, 123–152.
Levelt, W. J. M. (2012). A history of psycholinguistics: The pre-Chomskyan era. Oxford University Press.
Mahlberg, M., Conklin, K., & Bisson, M. J. (2014). Reading Dickens’s characters: Employing psycholinguistic methods to investigate the cognitive reality of patterns in texts. Language and Literature, 23(4), 369–388.
Markhabayeva, D., & Tseng, C.-I. (2024). Multimodal cohesion and viewers’ comprehension of scene transitions in film: An empirical investigation. Frontiers in Communication, 9, Article 1347788. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomm.2024.1347788
Mehler, J. (1969). Psycholinguistique et grammaire générative. Larousse.
Mondada, L. (2024). Multimodal gestalts in interaction: Demandes commerciales et langues parlées. Languages, 9(1), 1–17.
Putri Wulandari. (2019). Analisis tindak tutur ilokusi dalam film *Intouchables* karya Olivier Nakache dan Éric Toledano [Mémoire de licence, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia]. https://repository.upi.edu/45127/
Quek, F., McNeill, D., Bryll, R., Duncan, S., Ma, X.-F., Kirbas, C., … Ansari, R. (2002). A multimedia system for temporally situated perceptual psycholinguistic analysis. Machine Vision and Applications, 13(1), 27–36.
Skogmyr Marian, A. (2024). Tu Vois in L2 French: Pragmatic marker, gesture, and gaze. Languages, 9(2), 1–18.
Thiele, L., Schmidt-Borcherding, F., & Bateman, J. A. (2024). All eyes on the signal? Mapping cohesive discourse structures with eye-tracking data of explanation videos. Frontiers in Communication, 9, Article 1356495. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomm.2024.1356495
Tseng, C.-I., Laubrock, J., & Bateman, J. A. (2021). The impact of multimodal cohesion on attention and interpretation in film. Discourse, Context & Media, 44, Article 100544. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcm.2021.100544
Van Gelderen, E. (2015). An Introduction to Minimalism. John Benjamins.
Yule, G. (2016). The study of language (6th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
Zasiekina, L. (2015). Psycholinguistic approach to diagnostics and modification of individual negative core beliefs. East European Journal of Psycholinguistics, 2(2), 151–157.
Zasiekina, L. (2018). Expressed emotions towards individuals with mental and physical health conditions: A structured literature review. East European Journal of Psycholinguistics, 5(2), 108–116.
Film cité :
Nakache, O., & Toledano, É. (Directeurs). (2011). Intouchables (Film). Quad Productions / Gaumont.
Publiée
2026-04-16
Comment citer
Adekunle, M. « Cognition Des Relations Humaines Dans Intouchables : Une Analyse Psycholinguistique Multimodale Du Langage, Du Geste Et Du Regard ». Savoirs En Prisme, nᵒ 20, avril 2026, p. 263-85, doi:10.34929/sep.vi20.307.
Rubrique
VARIA
Copyright (c) 2026 Matthew Adekunle
Ce travail est disponible sous licence Creative Commons Attribution - Pas d’Utilisation Commerciale - Partage dans les Mêmes Conditions 4.0 International.
